Seroprevelance of Common Transfusion Infection Among the Blood Donors
Authors: Ashwini Kolur, Harish Govind Naik, Samith Ahmed
Abstract
Blood donation is responsible for saving large number of lives but associated with the risk of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs). Screening of TTIs among blood donors can be a cost-effective approach to monitor the prevalence, distribution, and trends of the infections among healthy-looking individuals. The present study was done to estimate the prevalence of infectious disease markers in the donor population of the blood bank of Azeezia Medical College Hospital, Kollam, Kerala. A total of 1209 donors were screened over two years to assess the prevalence of infectious disease markers. On completion of blood donation, the units were screened for the five commonest TTIs namely HIV I & II, HBsAg, HCV syphilis and malaria. Out of 1209 blood donors, 1114 (92.14%) were voluntary donors and remaining 95 (7.85%) were replacement donors. 97.26% (1176) were male and only 2.72% (33) were female donors. Out of the total 1209 screened blood units 2 were seropositive for the transfusion transmitted infection and were of HCV. Two blood units were seropositive for HCV (0.16%) and no other TTI were detected in the screened blood. It can be assumed from the present study that the incidence of the TTI have reduced after mandatory testing of blood units.
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Doxazosin Mesylate
Authors: Mukul Ahmed, Ravikumar, Narayanaswamy VB, Injamamul Haque, Mohibul Hoque
Abstract
The objective of this research was to formulate fast dissolving tablets of Doxazosin mesylate that disintegrate in the oral cavity upon contact with saliva and there byimprove therapeutic efficacy. Doxazosin mesylate is used for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Fast dissolving tablets ofDoxazosin mesylate were prepared by direct compression method using superdisintegrant addition method, by using sublimation method and effervescent method. Thirty two formulations were prepared and evaluated for hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation, drug content, in vitro disintegration time, in vitro dispersion time, wetting time, water absorption ratio and in vitro dissolution studies. FTIR and DSC studies revealed that there was no chemical interaction between the drug and the excipients. Formulation S8 was found to be the best on the basis of wetting time, in vitro disintegration time and in vitro drug release. The formulation S8containing camphor (8%) as subliming agent was found to be the optimized combinations. Stability studies were carried out at 250C±20C/60%±5% RH and400C±20C/75%±5% RH for formulation S8 for 60 days. The results of stability studies indicated no significant changes with respect to physicochemical properties, in vitro disintegration time, wetting time and in vitro drug release.
Formulation and Evaluation of Controlled Release Matrix Tablets of Labetalol HCl
Authors: Niyaz Kavugoli, Ravikumar, Narayanaswamy VB
Abstract
Oral controlled drug delivery systems have received much attention of the researchers during the past two decades. The rationale for developing a controlled release formulation is to enhance its therapeutic benefits, reducing its side effects and improving the management of diseased condition. Studies have been carried out for developing oral controlled release matrix tablet formulations of labetalol by using polymeric materials like polyox WSR 301, polyox WSR 303, polymethacrylates, ethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, guar gum, karaya gum and sodium alginate. The prepared matrix tablets were evaluated for weight uniformity, hardness, friability and drug content. The matrix tablets were then evaluated for the influence of polymer concentration, polymer type and nature of diluents on the drug release from matrix by in vitro dissolution studies. FTIR Spectral studies shown that drug and excipients used were compatible with each other. Selected formulations of Labetalol were subjected to accelerated stability studies. The formulations were stored at 400C±20C, 75± 5%RH for 3 months. No significant changes were observed from the prepared tablets during the study period. The results of present research work clearly indicated that the nature and level of poly (ethylene oxides) in the matrix tablets greatly influenced the drug release properties. Both the Polyox WSR 301 and Polyox WSR 303 were suitable for preparing the matrix tablets of labetalol. Among the two polymers used, high molecular weight polymer, POLYOX WSR 303 effectively extended the drug release for prolonged period of time than low molecular weight POLYOX WSR 301. Insoluble diluents like microcrystalline cellulose, dicalcium phosphate and slightly soluble diluent like starch 1500 can be used as release rate modifiers in the formulation of controlled release matrix tablets. A combination of hydrophilic gums, hydrophobic eudragits and ethyl cellulose with high molecular weight poly (ethylene oxides) led to prolonged release of drug up to 22 hrs. Thus present research work fulfilled the objective of developing once a day formulations of Labetalol as matrix tablets employing poly (ethylene oxides).