Biochemical changes during in vitro decomposition of wheat crop residues by Trichoderma lignorum (Tode) Harz.
Authors: Singh. R, Shukla G, Charaya, M.U., Shukla L.
Abstract
The biochemical changes during decomposition of the different components of wheat residues by Trichoderma lignorum in vitro were assessed. The samples of decomposing wheat internodes, leaves, chaff and straw were collected at different stages of decomposition for 40 and 60 days. The samples were subjected to biochemical analysis and the results were compared with non decomposed initial samples. The fungus causes maximum decomposition of leaves (29.62%, 33.99%), followed by chaff (23.79%, 27.80%), straw (20.30%, 26.75%) and internodes (14.31%, 16.46%). The maximum loss in the dry weight of wheat leaves was due to loss of cellulose as well as water and ether soluble fractions. In case of internodes and chaff loss in the dry weight was mainly due to the degradation of cellulose and water soluble fractions. However in case of wheat straw, cellulose and hemicelluloses are maximum disappear during decomposition.
Bess Based Dfig For Real And Reactive Power Control Of Grid
Authors: Sudheesh.S, Er. Jaison Cherian
Abstract
The total energy demand and per capita energy demand are increasing day by day. So the dependency on renewable energy sources like wind and solar is also increasing. The wind speed variations causes serious power quality problems during integration of wind turbine with the grid. The power control block consisting of rotor side controller block and grid side control block helps to overcome these problems. The DFIG is capable of producing power in above and below synchronous speed. The power supplied to the grid through stator and rotor. In this paper, a battery energy storing system (BESS) is introduced in between the inverter and converters section. Since the converters and BESS are introduced in the rotor side their rating can be reduced. The system is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and results are presented.
Autonomous System For Non Destructive Evaluation
Authors: R.Shimila, M.Chithrarth
Abstract
Inspection robots are gaining attention for non- destructive evaluation (NDE) of engineering structures, especially for monitoring structures which are inaccessible and hazardous for human interventions. The project aims at designing and developing an autonomous inspection robot which can perform ultrasonic testing for ferromagnetic structures. An on-board storage device is used to store the data received from the transducer during the process of inspection to avoid communication through radio frequency. The exact positioning of the robot is achieved by the data derived from optical wheel encoders. A compact Pulse -receiver is used for activating the pulse echo transducer at the desired frequency. The power required by the entire system is reduced and optimized also by autonomously switching off the Pulse- receiver through an optocoupler switch while the robot is translating from one position to another. The entire system is governed by a microcontroller board located on the main circuit board of the robot.
Authentication Based on Secret-Sharing-System for Images with a Data Repair Capability
Authors: Maneesha E.K., Harish Binu K.P.
Abstract
It is very necessary to design effective methods to solve image authentication problem, particularly images whose security must be protected. An enhanced blind authentication method based on secret sharing with self-repairing capability for tiff image is proposed. Image divided in to number of blocks and authentication signal is generated for each block. The authentication signal combined with binarized block content which is transformed into several shares using Shamir secret sharing scheme. The generated shares embedded in to alpha channel plane. The alpha channel plane is combined with original image to form a tiff image. During embedding process, computed share values are mapped into a range of alpha channel values to yield a transparent stego image. During image authentication, image block is marked as tampered if authentication signal computed from current block does not match with authentication signal from corresponding alpha channel block. Data repairing is applied to each tampered block by using Reverse Shamir scheme. Method for protection of data hidden in the alpha channel is also proposed. Experimental result shows effectiveness of proposed method for real time application.
Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Land Use/Land Covers Mapping in Allahabad District
Author: Richa Chaturvedi
Abstract
The paper attempts to assess various categories of Land use/land covers in Allahabad district using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The result of the study shows that a wide range of spatial variations in geomorphic features has been caused by differential erosion and sedimentation works of various geomorphic processes, which were operating in the past. For example, flood plain features are dominated in the major northern portion of the district that is formed during the Quaternary period whereas the southern portion is governed by features of Vindhyan plateau that are supposed to be developed from Pre–Cambrian to Recent period. The spatial variations in geomorphic features have put forward their impact on socio- cultural features and trend of their development. Attempts have also been made in present investigation to analyses and map-out the Land use/ land covers based on the geomorphic analysis and field observations. The cultivated land is largely confined in the flood plain area and rocky wasteland is found in pediment zone. Forest is marked near the denudation hill.