Modified Particle Swarm Optimization approach for Optimal Power Flows with Security Constraints for Indian Practical 75 bus system
Authors: Dr. Ravi Kumar Kadali, G. Mahesh
Abstract
This paper proposes novel particle swarm optimization algorithm for solving optimal power flows with security constraints (line flows and bus voltages). This method uses variable constriction factor approach for the classical Particle Swarm Optimization technique. The variable constriction factor has been identified based on the current error and the initial error. The OPF problem has been considered with the quadratic cost function to realize Optimal Power Flow using the proposed Modified Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm and applied to Indian practical 75 bus system; the results were compared with the Linear Programming approach using Power world simulation software. Simulation results show that proposed approach gives the best solution than earlier reported approaches and their convergence is much quicker compared to the earlier reported literature.
Study on Effect of Excipients in Enhancing the Solubility of Nateglinide by Solid Dispersions
Authors: M. Kranthi Kumar Reddy, B. Narasimha Rao, K. Ravindra Reddy
Abstract
Nateglinide is a novel anti diabetic drug that lowers blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas. This action is dependent upon functioning beta-cells in the pancreatic islets. One of the major problems with this drug is its low solubility in biological fluids, which results into poor bioavailability after oral administration. Therefore, solid dispersions (SDs) of nateglinide were prepared using lactose, mannitol and urea to increase its aqueous solubility. Nateglinide SDS was prepared in 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 ratios of the drug to polymer (by weight). In vitro release profiles of all SDs (F-1 to F-9) were comparatively evaluated and also studied against pure Nateglinide. Faster dissolution was exhibited by solid dispersion containing 1:3 ratio of drug: mannitol. The increase in dissolution rate of the drug may be due to increase in wettability, hydrophilic nature of the carrier and due to reduction in drug crystallinity. The prepared solid dispersion was subjected for % practical yield, drug content and infrared (IR) spectroscopic studies. Absence of significant drug-carrier interaction was confirmed by infrared spectroscopic (IR) data.
Land Use / Land Cover Changes and Estimation of Surface Runoff of Krs Catchment: Cauvery Basin, Karnataka
Authors: Sakthivel. M, Hiazeule, Santhi. S, Pushparaj. S, Vijayakumar. S, Murugesan. S, H. M. Chanadrashekar
Abstract
The availability of the water resource in a catchment depends upon the integrity of the land use, terrain and meteorological parameters such as rainfall, temperature, etc. KRS Catchment in the Cauvery basin covers an area of 10,957 Km2 was taken up for the study. The study was conducted in order to understand the changes of Land use /Land cover and their impacts on the watershed and to estimates the runoff calculation using SCS-CN method, which is mainly used for estimating infiltration characteristics of the watershed, based on the land use property and soil property and it is widely used as a simple method for predicting direct runoff volume for a given rainfall event. In the present study, the methodology for assessing the land use/ land cover changes and determination of runoff for KRS Catchment using Remote Sensing, GIS and SCS method was described. Analysis of the land use/land cover revealed the changes taken part from 2006 to 2017. Major changes were from forest and barren land to agriculture, built up and water bodies. The SW Monsoon rainfall and land use data were used along with the experimental data of soil classification for the estimation of the runoff for the study area. The result shows excess runoff and low infiltration take places mostly in the month of July followed by June, august and lowest runoff on the month of September. This will help for watersheds planning of various conservations measures.