Chicken Ileum: A Better Option Conducting Isolated Tissue Experiments and Bioassay
Authors: VM Motghare, MB Nandeshwar, CS Bajait, SA Pimpalkhute, SD Sontakke
Abstract
In vivo method of animal testing is the use of non-human animals in experiments. Mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters and non-human primates are widely used as laboratory animals. In vitro cell culture technique and in silico computer simulation are alternatives to in vivo animal testing. Current limitations on performing experiments with laboratory animals bring about the need for search of alternate tissues for biological testing. Bioassay is an integral part of undergraduate and postgraduate Pharmacology curriculum where various isolated tissues like frog rectus, rat colon, guinea pig ileum etc. were used for which whole animal has to be sacrificed for a small piece of tissue. So, we conducted bioassay of acetylcholine on chicken ileum obtained from chicken sacrificed for food which is easily available from slaughter houses. We found greater height of response and stability with Tyrode solution compared with Ringer Locke solution. We assessed the unknown concentration of acetylcholine by interpolation method of bioassay which we found 82.17% correct of actual concentration of unknown. Isolated chicken ileum is a better option available for conducting isolated tissue experiments considering the restriction with the use of experimental animals under CPCSEA guidelines.
A Three Levels Diode Clamped Inverter For Renewable Energy System
Authors: Nayana M P, Rani S
Abstract
This paper describes a diode-clamped three- level inverter-based a direct integration scheme for renewable energy systems. And a closed loop control of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) based diode clamped three level inverter for AC module applications. The space vector diagram of three-level inverter is simplified into two-level inverter. So the selection of switching sequences is done as conventional two-level SVPWM method. Thus, the proposed algorithm reduces the complexity involved in the PWM algorithm. Two level switching loss minimized PWM (SVPWM) method is extended to the three level inverter. The neutral point voltage unbalance problem which are the inherent of three level inverter are solved successfully in this method by some special means. The simulation and experimental results show the proposed method is feasible and suitable for high power three level. The operation and performance of the proposed converter has been verified by experimental and simulation results. The simulation results show its capability in voltage generation and voltage swell/sag compensation
A Singular Value Decomposition-Based Method for Face Recognition Using a Daubechies Wavelet-HMM Representation of Faces
Authors: P. Poornima, S. Radhapriya
Abstract
Face recognition is a natural, user friendly and non-contact way for human identification/authentication. Face recognizers are used in the recent years for identity authentication, access control, surveillance, human-computer interface and smart environments. This paper proposes a new method of face representation which is used for face recognition by quantized Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) coefficients with Wavelet Daubechies 2 (db2) to transform the faces to a more discriminated space and then Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is applied. The proposed method produced a significant improvement which includes a substantial improvement in recognition rate and reduces the delay. The system has been evaluated on the Olivetti Research Laboratory (ORL) face database. The system has been evaluated on different JPEG resized ORL database as 64×64, 128x128 and 256 x256. The proposed EWSVD- HMM method is compared with the traditional HMM-SVD. The results show that the proposed method is the fastest one, having approximately 95% recognition rate.
A New ZVT-ZCT PWM Boost Converter With Active Snubber Cell
Authors: Shabna P.K, Ajmal K.T
Abstract
This paper proposes a new ZVT-ZCT converter with an active snubber circuit. All the semiconductor devices used in this circuit under goes soft switching. Here the active snubber provides soft swiching for the main switch. The main switch turns ON with zero-voltage transition (ZVT) and turns OFF with zero-current transition (ZCT). Since all semiconductor devices are operating under soft switching, the additional voltage stress can be eliminated. The auxiliary switch in the snubber circuit is turned ON for turning ON and turning OFF the main switch. The presented circuit is analyzed for 100kZ, 1kW converter. The simulation analysis is done using National Instruments Multisim.
A New PAPR Reduction Scheme: CWPTS (Combined Weighting and PTS)
Authors: Shameema Hameed L, Riya Rani SS, Anzija I R
Abstract
One of the serious problems in any wireless communication system using multi carrier modulation technique like Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is its Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). It limits the transmission power due to the limitation of dynamic range of Analog to Digital Converter and Digital to Analog Converter (ADC/DAC) and power amplifiers at the transmitter, which in turn sets the limit over maximum achievable rate. This issue is especially important for mobile terminals to sustain longer battery life time. Therefore reducing PAPR can be regarded as an important issue to realize efficient and affordable mobile communication services. In this paper we present methods for reduction of PAPR in multi- carrier OFDM through the joint use of weighting, and Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS). Afterwards, we numerically discuss the PAPR characteristics using the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of the PAPR. The simulation results show that the combined weighting-PTS scheme (CWPTS) has a better PAPR and BER performances than PTS.