Migraine:Diagnosis and Prophylactic Management
Authors: Majid Farooq, Anshu Gupta, Manoj Goyal, Rani Walia
Abstract
Migraine is the most common type of vascular headache characterized by recurrent attacks of headache, which typically lasts for 4 to 72 hours. Recurrent attacks of migraine affect the patients’ quality of life, social activities and family life. Migraine is recognized as a major cause of disability worldwide. Migraine was cited as the 19th leading cause of years lived with disability (YLD) among both males and females of all ages combined and the 12th leading cause of years lived with disability among females of all ages. The management of migraine may include non-pharmacological and/ or pharmacological treatment. The pharmacological treatment of migraine can be acute (abortive) or preventive, and patients with frequent severe headaches often require both approaches. Preventive migraine treatment also includes non-pharmacological therapy. Preventive treatment is used to reduce the frequency, duration or severity of attacks. Additional benefits include improvement of responsiveness to acute attack treatment, improvement of function and reduction in disability. It might preclude the progression of episodic migraine to chronic migraine and result in reductions in the cost of healthcare.
Performance Improvement of TCP by TCP Reno and SACK Acknowledgement
Authors: Reena Rai, Maneesh Shreevastava
Abstract
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the dominating end-to-end transport layer protocol which provides secure and reliable data transfer together with some other protocols. In this review paper, we contend that existing approaches to improve TCP performance over mobile ad-hoc networks have focused only on a subset of the factors affecting TCP performance by TCP Reno, SACK and Vegas. Effective resource utilization, such as bandwidth utilization, retransmission rate and window size, is compared. For evaluate these TCP congestion control algorithms from many aspects are present and we also concern fair resource allocation from two main categories, one is fairness between different delay links, and the other is competition between different TCP congestion control algorithms.
Data Mining Based Result Analysis of Document Fraud Detection
Author: Namrata Shukla
Abstract
In today scenario for data and fund transfer we are mainly depended on the internet. So prevention of fraud, abuse and data alteration through internet has become a major concern of many organizations. Our paper focuses the direction towards the document fraud detection. In this direction we proposed an efficient approach where we send the encrypted data via internet and maintain the log table of the data sends. The log table contains the information about individual word and numeric value along with the position and count. If any attacker attacks the data for updation or any violation again a log table is created based on the word as well as the position of the word and count. Our algorithm check the alteration based on the position and the frequency count. If any mismatch is detected server alerts the client about the document attack and resend the document to the client. The above scenario is explained by the result analysis which shows the effectiveness of the approach.
Development and In Vitro Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Tapentadol
Authors: Prathibha Suvarna, Ravi Kumar, Yamunappa1, Pooja Shetty, Narayana Swamy V.B
Abstract
The objective of this research was to formulate fast dissolving tablets of tapentadol that disintegrate in the oral cavity upon contact with saliva and there by improve therapeutic efficacy. Tapentadol is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain for both acute (following injury, surgery, etc.) and chronic musculoskeletal pain). Fast dissolving tablets of tapentadol were prepared by direct compression method comprising of three different superdisintegrants-Sodium starch glycollate, Crosscarmellose sodium and Crosspovidone (2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) and diluent viz: microcrystalline cellulose. Twelve formulations were prepared and evaluated for hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation, drug content, in vitro disintegration time, in vitro dispersion time, wetting time, water absorption ratio and in vitro dissolution studies. FTIR and DSC studies revealed that there was no chemical interaction between the drug and the excipients. Formulation M12 was found to be the best on the basis of wetting time, in vitro disintegration time and in vitro drug release. The formulation M12 containing microcrystalline cellulose as diluent and crosspovidone (8%) as disintegrant was found to be the optimized combination. Stability studies were carried out at 250C±20C/60%±5% RH and 400C±20C/75%±5% RH for formulation M12 for 60 days. The results of stability studies indicated no significant changes with respect to physicochemical properties, in vitro disintegration time, wetting time and in vitro drug release.