An Outlier Detection using K-median Clustering Algorithm
Authors: B.Angelin, Dr.D.Devakumari
Abstract
Clustering is the task of assigning a set of data objects into groups called clusters so that the objects in the same cluster are more similar in some sense to each other than to those in other cluster. Data items whose values are different from rest of the data or whose values fall outside the described range are called outliers. Outlier detection is an important issue in data mining, where it is used to identify and eliminate anomalous data objects from given data set. This research initially reviewed more logics on clustering techniques and outlier detection techniques. Secondly, the problem is identified in K means clustering algorithm for outlier detection. Finally, the solution is proposed from k-median based clustering and compared it with the traditional weight based K- means clustering algorithm. To test the algorithm in outlier detection, the Iris dataset is considered. All the above process are carried out in MATLAB simulations. From the experimental result it is concluded that the proposed method named as K- median weight based approach has the maximum weight value in sepal frame.
Annotating Search Results on Web Database: A Recap
Authors: Malothu Raj Kumar, Dr. S. Jayanthi
Abstract
Nowadays, an increasing number of databases have progressed toward becoming web which are available through HTML shape based hunt interfaces. The information units come back from the fundamental database are generally encoded into the outcome pages progressively for human perusing process. For the encoded information units to be machine handle capable, which is basic for some applications, for example, profound web information accumulation and Internet correlation shopping, they should be extricated out and relegated significant names. In this paper, we display a programmed explanation approach that initially adjusts the information units on an outcome page into various gatherings with the end goal that the information in a similar gathering has the same semantic. At that point, for each gathering we explain it from various viewpoints and total the diverse comments to anticipate a last comment mark for it. An explanation wrapper for the hunt webpage is naturally developed and can be utilized to explain new outcome pages from a similar web database. Our analyses demonstrate that the proposed approach is exceedingly powerful.
Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee in Bangalore Institute of Oncology - Promoting Rational Pharmaceutical Management
Authors: Divya Hariharaputhran, Ramesh S. Billimaga, Sunitha C. Srinivas, Ajai Kumar B.S
Abstract
Bangalore Institute of Oncology (BIO), a Comprehensive Cancer Center operating since 1989 has initiated Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (PTC) in 2007 as a forward looking step in promoting rational use of medicines. The first step in establishing role of PTC was to carry out ABC Analysis of Anti-Cancer Drugs procured at BIO for the period of October 2006 to September 2007, according to Management Sciences for Health (MSH) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. ABC Analysis provided a comprehensive and clear picture of consumption of chemotherapy medicines. The number of brand names procured for individual medicines were also collated. Constructive debate amongst PTC members resulted in making the decision to streamline the procurement of only three brand names for each medicine that had numerous brands procured earlier. PTC members of BIO have constructively utilized the forum in further improvising the pharmaceutical management as a first step in establishing PTC as a decision making body for rational use of medicines.
Glimpse of Floating Drug Delivery in Pharmaceutical Formulations: A Review
Authors: Gunjan L. Zope, Prof. A. B. Darekar, Dr. R. B. Saudagar
Abstract
In recent years the novel technology of floating drug delivery system formulations are designed for the new drugs for oral targeted drug delivery. The drugs are delivered by conventional dosage forms are having very short residence time, but the drugs which are act in stomach are have more residence time. The floating drug delivery systems are of particular interest for drugs that are locally active and narrow absorption window in stomach. Systems which are retained in the stomach for a longer period of time and there by improve the bioavailability of drugs. In this review the various advantages are given which are very important for controlled drug delivery system. Floating drug delivery systems have a bulk density less than gastric fluids. When the system floats on gastric contents the drug is released slowly at the desire rate from system. The polymers are suitable for floating drug delivery systems are covered in this review.
Retrospective Patient Data Analysis with Respect to Irresponsible Self - Medication in a Community Pharmacy Setting in Taiping (Malaysia)
Authors: Sam A T, Naga Jothy Nagesvararao, Nager Devi Vampanan, Sharon T X X S, Arumugam D
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the incidences of self-medication by means of patient data analysis in a defined time period, in a community pharmacy in Taiping (Malaysia). This was a data format-based retrospective study. A simple patient data analysis format was used. The details were filled in when the consumers (patients) came to purchase medications. The inclusion criteria were those who purchased medications without a prescription. The subjects intending to self-medicate were included. Age, gender, presenting complaints, medications purchased, social history. A total of 65 cases were obtained. The most common age group that purchased non-prescription drugs from the pharmacy counter falls in the age group 30-39. The number of smokers, non-smokers and alcoholics in the study were (31 cases; 47.69%), (23 cases; 35.38%) and (3 cases; 4.6%) respectively. The most common presenting complaints were headache (10 cases; 14.7%), fever (9 cases; 13.2%) and flu (10 cases; 14.7%). The proportion of self-medication was almost equal in both the genders, with 34 females and 31 males. The ethnicity noted amongst the cases were Malay (20 cases; 30.76%), Chinese (25 cases; 38.46%) and Indian (25 cases; 38.46%). The most frequently purchased medications were antihistamines (15 cases; 23%). All the cases of self-medication were inappropriate or irresponsible, in that the consumers were not at all aware of the risks associated with self- medication. Most of them purchased the drug/s based on advices and suggestions from family members, friends and peers. There was no stringent protocol for intervention regarding dispensing medications to these consumers. The practice of self-medication was common and often irresponsible or inappropriate. Knowledge about the risks of self- medication was poor. Health authorities must develop stringent protocols in regard to self-medication. Pharmacists have a pivotal role in ensuring that each patient who self-medicates is aware of the risks associated. This can only be achieved by appropriate intervention and counseling techniques