Adaptive Sigma-Delta Modulation for Enhancing Pixel Intensity of Gray Scale Images
Authors: Shamna S, Sheethal S Nair, Dr.Biji Jacob
Abstract
An image is a two dimensional array of pixel intensities. The pixel intensity adaptation of gray scale image using sigma delta modulation is proposed in this paper. The pixel intensity distribution of an image is represented by its histogram. Sigma Delta modulation is a most popular technique in audio signal processing. In this work the same approach is extended to grayscale image for its pixel intensity adaptation. Sigma delta modulation determines the quantization error between pixel intensities of the input image and the quantized output. The error is processed with a fixed step size, which causes increase in quantization error. In the proposed method, adaptive sigma delta modulation, where the pixel intensities is adapted according to the input image sequence thereby quantization error is made as low as possible. In this method the step size adaptation of the gray scale image is done. The step size is increased or decreased according to the pixel intensity variation of the input image sequence. Simulation results show that the peak signal to noise ratio performance of adaptive sigma delta modulation is better compared to sigma delta modulation. The histograms of the output are compared based on some histogram distance parameters. The minimum histogram Euclidean distance is obtained for adaptive sigma delta modulation.
Adaptive Modulation Without Amplitude Estimation
Authors: Mr.Vijayananth.S, Surendhar K N, Abinaya K
Abstract
essential to adaptive modulation schemes, prohibiting low complexity systems from using variable rate and/or variable power transmissions. Towards providing a solution to this problem, we introduce a variable-rate (VR) M-PSK modulation scheme, for communications over fading channels, in the absence of channel gain estimation at the receiver. The choice of the constellation size is based on the signal-plus-noise (S+N) sampling value rather than on the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). It is analytically shown that S+N can serve as an attractive simpler criterion, alternative to S/N, for determining the modulation order in VR systems. In this way, low complexity transceivers can use VR transmissions in order to increase their spectral efficiency under an error performance constraint. As an application, we utilize the proposed VR modulation scheme in equal gain combining (EGC) diversity receivers
Adaptive Fuzzy Based Controller in Electric Standing Wheel Chairs for Physically Disabled
Authors: Mebin Joseph, Mebin Joseph
Abstract
Deformations are always challenging. Humans are always keen in making their lives easier; especially to comfort the disabled ones. Nowadays their mobility device, Wheelchair has been transformed to ‘smart’ mode. Even now so many modifications and experiments are taking place to make it into smarter one. This paper proposes a new electric standing wheel chair topology controlled by a adaptive fuzzy PID controller. Adaptive fuzzy logic PID controller has incorporated in Brushless DC motor having specific characteristic features like high efficiency, torque and robustness which further results in efficient adaptive and speed control characteristics. To study the effectiveness of the system, simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment and the obtained results clarify the efficient speed control of the proposed electric standing wheel chair system.
Assessing The Rationale of FDC Containing Ofloxacin And Azoles: Dissolution, Permeation And Antimicrobial Studies
Authors: Atmaram Pawar, Akshay Kamble, Swati Korake, Vividha Dhapte-Pawar
Abstract
Objective: To study fixed-dose combinations (FDC) of antibacterial and antiprotozoal products (ofloxacin and azoles), prescribed for the treatment of diarrhea.
Parallel Processing of AES Encryption Implementation On Asap
Author: M. Meiyarasu
Abstract
In the development of information technology, protecting sensitive information via encryption is becoming more and more important in daily life. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is an encryption standard preferred by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001, which has its extract in the Rijndael block cipher. By searching different coarse nessesof data-level and task- level parallelism, AES is represented with four implementations expansion on Asynchronous Array of Simple Processor (ASAP). The smallest design apply only six cores, while the largest requires 107 cores for key expansion and 137 cores for key expansion, respectively. In comparison with AES cipher four implementations on Asynchronous Array of Simple Processor (ASAP), the result of parallelism design is being a higher throughput per unit of chip area and has higher energy efficiency.