Chemical Characterization and Physico Chemical Properties of Cashew Nut (Anacardiumoccidentale) Oil and Cashew Nut Shell Liquid
Authors: R. Govindaraju, G. Ramasamy
Abstract
Proximate composition and mineral concentration of Cashew nut (Anarcadiumoccidentale) were investigated using standard analytical methods. The physicochemical characteristics of cashew nut shell liquid were also determined. The proximate composition (%) was as follows: moisture (7.2), ash (2.8), crude fat (49.1), crude protein (36.3), crude fibre (3.2) and carbohydrate (by difference) (1.4). The mineral composition (mg/100g) of cashew nut showed potassium (27.5 ± 0.4) to be the highest, calcium (21.5 ± 0.0), magnesium (19.3 ±0.1), sodium (8.2 ± 0.2) and phosphorous (14.0 ± 0.2). Zinc and iron concentrations were lower. The physicochemical properties of cashew nut oil were as follows: colour (yellow), refractive index (1.458), specific gravity (0.962), acid value (10.7mgKOH/g), saponification value (137mgKOH/g), iodine value (41.3mgiodine/100g) and free fatty acid (5.4mgKOH/g). This is an indication that the oil is non- drying, edible and may not be used for soap making. The CNSL extracted was dark brown in colour. Ash and moisture content (%) were: 1.2 and 3.9 (for IND species), and 1.3 and 6.7 (for AFR species). Specific gravity and refractive index were 0.941 and 1.693 (for IND variety), and 0.924 and 1.686 (for AFR variety). Saponification, acid, free fatty acid (mg KOH/g) and iodine (mg iodine/100g) values were (58.1, 12.1, 6.1, 215 respectively (for IND species) and 47.6, 15.4, 7.8, 235.(for AFR species). The investigation showed that CNSL is a drying oil and it is useful in industries for paints, varnishes and surface coatings.
Implementation of Financial Technology in India and Its Challenges
Author: Nitish Nayyar
Abstract
India is the fastest growing FinTech market in the world. The way the government is taking fast steps regarding digitization here, its positive effect will also be seen on the fintech sector. According to an estimate, by 2025 its size will increase 3 times in value to Rs 6.20 lakh crore. It is clear that due to various efforts of the government, the fintech sector is growing rapidly here. India is at the fore in the adoption of FinTech in emerging markets of the world. Let us tell you that the rate of acceptance of fintech in the country was 87 percent as of March 2020, while its global average was only 64 percent. The domestic fintech market was worth Rs 1.92 lakh crore in 2019. It is clear that the future of FinTech market in India is bright.
Status of Human Rights Towards Disable Person in Developed and Developing Countries
Author: Sunil Kumar Mishra
Abstract
Many people with disabilities do not have equal access to health care, education, and employment opportunities, do not receive the disability-related services that they require, and experience exclusion from everyday life activities. Following the entry into force of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, disability is increasingly understood as a human rights issue. Disability is also an important development issue with an increasing body of evidence showing that persons with disabilities experience worse socioeconomic outcomes and poverty than persons without disabilities. Disability is part of the human condition. Almost everyone will be temporarily or permanently impaired at some point in life, and those who survive to old age will experience increasing difficulties in functioning. Most extended families have a disabled member, and many non-disabled people take responsibility for supporting and caring for their relatives and friends with disabilities. Every epoch has faced the moral and political issue of how best to include and support people with disabilities. This issue will become more acute as the demographics of societies change and more people live to an old age. Responses to disability have changed since the 1970s, prompted largely by the self-organization of people with disabilities, and by the growing tendency to see disability as a human rights issue. Historically, people with disabilities have largely been provided for through solutions that segregate them, such as residential institutions and special schools. Policy has now shifted towards community and educational inclusion, and medicallyfocused solutions have given way to more interactive approaches recognizing that people are disabled by environmental factors as well as by their bodies. National and international initiatives – such as the United Nations Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities of Persons with Disabilities have incorporated the human rights of people with disabilities, culminating in 2006 with the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Legal Status of Disable Person in India
Author: Sunil Kumar Mishra
Abstract
India is one of the world’s fastest growing economies and claims to be the largest democratic republic. It has a population of 1.241 billion1, of which an estimated 2.13% have disabilities.2 This constitutes over 21 million people who require support to ensure access and inclusion within society. During this period of Indian economic growth, policy support for human rights of persons with disabilities is essential, to ensure the equity gap is decreased and that the voices of these persons are heard.
From Stochastic To Bit Stream Computing: Accurate Implementation of Arithmetic Circuits and Applications In Neural Networks
Authors: Dr P G Kuppusamy, K. Lahari , A. Munieswar, Gundraju Praful Kumar Raju, Chemuru Jyothiprakash
Abstract
In this project, we propose a novel computing paradigm “Bit Stream Computing” that is constructed on the logic used in stochastic computing, but does not necessarily employ randomly or Binomially distributed bit streams as stochastic computing does. Any type of streams can be used either stochastic or deterministic. The proposed paradigm benefits from the area advantage of stochastic logic and the accuracy advantage of conventional binary logic. We implement accurate arithmetic multiplier and adder circuits, classified as asynchronous or synchronous; we also consider their suitability of processing successive streams. The proposed circuits are simulated using the Cadence Genus tool with TSMC 0.18µm CMOS technology. We thoroughly compare the proposed adders and multipliers with their predecessors in the literature, individually and in a neural network application. Comparisons are made in terms of area, speed, power, and accuracy. We believe that this study opens up new horizons for computing that enables us to implement much smaller yet accurate arithmetic circuits compared to the conventional binary and stochastic ones. Index Terms—Stochastic computing, bit stream computing, arithmetic circuits, neural network.