Recent Developments and Multiple Biological Activities Available With 1, 8- Naphthyridine Derivatives: A Review
Author: Vinod Kumar Gurjar, Dilipkumar Pal
Abstract
Within the wide range of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, the derivatives of 1,8-naphthyridine (NPTR) have gained a rising interest due to their reported versatile biological activities. The derivatives of NPTR scaffold are found to invite special interest from researchers nowadays on the significance of their manifestations of multiple attractive pharmacological activities which establish them as an effective and versatile tool in pharmaceutical chemistry and drug discovery. The diverse biological activities mainly include anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, antihypertensive and analgesic activities. Novel NPTR scaffold has emerged its potency to treat neurological diseases like depression and Alzheimer's disease. Further these agents possess different inhibitory activities, such as anti-HIV, anti-osteoporotic, αvβ3 antagonism, antimalarial, platelet aggregation, anti-oxidant, anti-allergic, gastric antisecretory, anticonvulsant, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition, protein kinase inhibition, ionotropic properties, β3 antagonism, phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE 4) inhibitions, adenosine receptor agonistic activity, adrenoceptors antagonism and DNA stabilizing activity, etc. In this review, we highlight the updates of different 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives and explain the key data available in the context of various biological activities of NPTR derivatives available from the literature. This may direct opportunity in researches in the synthesis of novel medicinal agents and the development of new heterocycles for modification of existing biological actions as well as evaluation of other possible pharmacological activities.
Covid 19- Brands That Made a Difference
Author: Lola Gaidhane
Abstract
Throughout the pandemic, Social Media, Facebook, Instagram, You -Tube have not only connected people throughout but also have revolutionarily changed the way in which brands advertise and communicate. They have made brands more innovative and responsible in fulfilling their humanitarian goals and rising to the needs of fulfilling their social obligation. This research paper precisely highlights those brands that did not isolate from the reality on the ground. These brands rose to do their bit during this grim situation arising out of the covid 19 surge by choosing to allow commercial objectives take a backseat and communicate sensitively during this human tragedy. This paper is a study of those brands that made a difference through social media campaigns and showed their humane face during the pandemic.
Drug Utilization Evaluation of Benzodiazepines in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: P. Rama, R. Monisha, Susan Varghese Paul, Varsha Elsa Scaria, P. Janani
Abstract
Objective: To assess the rationale use of benzodiazepines among various departments in a multi-speciality hospital. Methods: A prospective study was conducted with a sample size of 200 for a period of six months. Data was collected from patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale and Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS) were used as a study tool to measure the causality of adverse drug reactions and drug interactions. Based on the dosage of various benzodiazepines DDD was calculated and compared with WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification Defined Daily Dose (DDD). Results: BZD’s were mostly prescribed in males (74.5%) and married patients (86.5%) were more exposed to benzodiazepines compared to others. Lorazepam (70.1%) was found to be the most commonly used drug, mainly prescribed for sedation, followed by anxiety. DDD was calculated and majority of patients had DDD in accordance with WHO standard. Based on cost analysis, Clobazam was found to be the high cost and Lorazepam being the low-cost drug. The results of drug utilization evaluation of benzodiazepines study were compiled and reported to the respected department physician and their feedback was collected. Conclusion: The study showed a rational utilization of benzodiazepines and the negative outcomes of BZDs can be reduced by providing drug- related information to the prescribers and consumers.