Biodegradable Waste Treatment With Additive Based Composting : A Review
Authors: Prathamesh Gurme, Dr. R. P. Borkar
Abstract
The Growing world population and the resulting higher consumption of products and services has driven a rapid increase of organic wastes originating from households, industry and agriculture. This situation generates serious environmental issues, calling for safe and sustainable strategies to treat these wastes, from their production to their recycling or elimination. On the other hand, the organic fraction of wastes represents a valuable organic resource, which could be recycled and transformed into nutrient-rich fertilizer and/or soil conditioner. Biological degradation during composting is one of the strategies to transform organic wastes into organic products. Composting is a time consuming process 1 including degradation of waste by the microbial population converting them into a stable organic fertilizer. Hence, a considerable research in the field of rapid composting is to be done so as to accelerate the composting process. The different authors had discussed the methodologies used previously and gave outline of some modified technologies. This review is summarized from study of literature regarding composting process highlighted in various journals, papers, relevant text books, relevant websites and proceedings of national and international conferences. It describes the best and optimum additives as well as techniques enhancing the composting process by reducing the period of composting and hence achieving rapid composting. The purpose of this review is to get an overview of current approaches related with rapid composting and other treatment techniques which were used for normal composting so that various suitable techniques can be merged in combination in order to generate a new technique which will be beneficial for reducing the duration of composting.
Experimental Investigation On Concrete By Using Partial And Full Replacement Of Waste Broken Glass As Course Aggregate
Authors: R. Manikandan, Prof. A. Belciyamary
Abstract
Waste glass powder (WGP) used in concrete making leads to greener and ecofriendly environment. In shops and bus body coaches nearby Karur, many waste glass cuttings go to wastes which are not recycled at present and usually delivered to landfills for disposal. Using WGP in concrete is an interesting possibility for economy on waste disposal sites and conservation of natural resources. This project examines the possibility of using WGP as a replacement in fine aggregate for a new concrete. Natural sand was partially replaced (10%, 30%, 50% and 100%) with WGP. Compressive strength, Tensile strength (cubes and cylinders) Flexural strength and pull out strength up to 28 days of age were compared with those of concrete made with natural fine aggregates. Fineness modulus, specific gravity, moisture content, water absorption, bulk density, percentage of voids and percentage of porosity(loose and compact) state for sand (S) studied. The test results indicates that it is possible to manufacture concrete containing waste glass powder (WGP) with characteristics similar to those of natural sand aggregate concrete provided that the percentage of WGP as fine aggregate is limited to 10-20% respectively.
Analysis Of Uniform Infinite Fin By Elzaki Transform
Authors: Dr Govind Raj Naunyal, Dr Updesh Kumar, Dr Dinesh Verma
Abstract
Airplanes have played a crucial role in the industrial and commercial development. Therefore it is necessary to have an efficient system for transit through air. The most important component of an airplane is its wing. The aerofoil shape of the wing facilitates the creation of the lift and because of this, it actually flies. Therefore in the design of a wing, it is to be taken into consideration that it has minimal losses. One such loss of lift is due to the vortices produced at the wing tips on the wings. Wingtip vortices are circular patterns of rotating air left behind a wing as it generates lift. The wingtip vortex has been in existence since the beginning of flight. It has been an ever-increasing problem as the weight of each succeeding generation of aircraft has increased. In addition to the large drag associated with the lift-induced vortex, the vortex system of the large jumbo- jet aircraft of today has become a major problem to the air traffic controller in the terminal area as well as an unseen hazard to smaller aircraft during cruise flight. This is a result of not only the strength of the vortex but also the persistent nature of its flow. To fully comprehend the nature of lift induced wingtip vortex, the lift produced by a wing of an airplane should be closely examined. In this paper CFD is used in ANSYS to simulate the effects of such vortex on a scaled wing model of an airplane, and also simulates the effect of a vortex reducing device on the generation of lift and the vortex. The results can be useful in designing a better device for the reduction of wingtip vortices.
Analysis Of Uniform Infinite Fin By Elzaki Transform
Authors: Dr Govind Raj Naunyal, Dr Updesh Kumar, Dr Dinesh Verma
Abstract
Airplanes have played a crucial role in the industrial and commercial development. Therefore it is necessary to have an efficient system for transit through air. The most important component of an airplane is its wing. The aerofoil shape of the wing facilitates the creation of the lift and because of this, it actually flies. Therefore in the design of a wing, it is to be taken into consideration that it has minimal losses. One such loss of lift is due to the vortices produced at the wing tips on the wings. Wingtip vortices are circular patterns of rotating air left behind a wing as it generates lift. The wingtip vortex has been in existence since the beginning of flight. It has been an ever-increasing problem as the weight of each succeeding generation of aircraft has increased. In addition to the large drag associated with the lift-induced vortex, the vortex system of the large jumbo- jet aircraft of today has become a major problem to the air traffic controller in the terminal area as well as an unseen hazard to smaller aircraft during cruise flight. This is a result of not only the strength of the vortex but also the persistent nature of its flow. To fully comprehend the nature of lift induced wingtip vortex, the lift produced by a wing of an airplane should be closely examined. In this paper CFD is used in ANSYS to simulate the effects of such vortex on a scaled wing model of an airplane, and also simulates the effect of a vortex reducing device on the generation of lift and the vortex. The results can be useful in designing a better device for the reduction of wingtip vortices.
Analysis of Wingtip Vortex and Mitigation by Using Winglets
Authors: Vishnu Venugopal, Vishnu R, Vishnu S , Shinto George
Abstract
The amount of heat convected from the fin surfaces has been determined by solving the general differential equation describing heat dissipation from the infinite fin via the calculus approach. Heat transfers by desirable quality of temperature gradient and the modes which transfer heat from one part of the medium to another are conduction, convection, and radiation. This paper is presenting the use of a Elzaki Transform for the analysis of uniform infinite fin by solving the general form of energy equation describing the heat dissipation from the surface of the medium and obtaining the distribution of temperature and hence the rate of heat convected into the surroundings from an infinite uniform fin.