Sustainable Vaccine Inventory Model under Carbon Tax policy
Authors: Nita H. Shah, Ekta Patel, Kavita Rabari
Abstract
In today’s era of sustainable expansion, reducing carbon emission is a key factor for financial growth and progress. Along with this, special attention has been paid to the perishable products due to spoilage and deterioration results in a substantial loss of items which obstructs consumer’s satisfaction level. The main cause of carbon emission in the inventory system is in consignment, holding of vaccines and spoilage of vaccine because some people took the first dose and did not come back for a second dose. So, keeping this in mind, carbon tax policy is an effective tool to diminish carbon emissions. Hence, the proposed article analyzed the carbon emission in the sustainable COVID-19 vaccine inventory model and a carbon tax is levied to achieve environmental goals. A non-linear formulation is exhibited to calculate the optimum cycle length. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis have been presented to validate the proposed model.
Experimental Study On Unfired Bricks Preparation By Using Fly Ash & Rice Hulls
Authors: S. Arumugam, Prof. J. Santhiyaa Jenifer
Abstract
The amount of rice husk waste generated in India is posing serious threat to the environment and the ecosystem. So utilizing these wastes for productive purposes. This study evaluated the possibility of using rice hush ash (RHA), fly ash (FA) and reinforced clay in producing unfired building bricks. In this underground rice husk ash (URHA), an agricultural byproduct, was used as partial fine aggregate replacement in the mixtures. The solid bricks of 190 x 90 x 90mm in size were prepared in this study. The hardened properties of the brick were investigated including including compressive strength, flexure strength, soundness test, hardness test and water absorption test according to corresponding Indian standards. Forming pressure of 35 Mpa was applied to form the solid bricks in the mold. The test results show that all brick specimen obtained good mechanical properties, which were well conformed to Indian standards. It was definitely proved many potential applications of FA and RHA in the production of unfired building bricks.
Experimental Investigation on Durability Enhancement of Concrete by Using Waste Rubber Tyres
Authors: T. Ezhavendan, Mr. B. Jose Ravindra Raj
Abstract
Concrete is a synthetic construction material made by mixing of cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregate and water in the proper proportions. Recycled waste tyre rubber is a promising material in the construction industry due to its lightweight, elasticity, energy absorption, sound and heat insulating properties. One such application that could use old rubber tires is rubberized concrete. Concrete can be made cheaper by replacing some of its fine aggregate with granulated rubber crumbs from used rubber tires. The main objective of the project is to increase the compressive strength of concrete by adding waste materials. Develop test information that may aid in the eventual goal of drafting a practical rubber in concrete specification for non-structural / low loading usage. Evaluate possible advantages of using crumb rubber in concrete including: resistance against cracking, reduction of thermal expansion and contraction, and lightweight concrete. Light weight masonry of this type of concrete has a positive economic effect on total cost of the construction, it reduces the dead weight loading, giving smaller supporting sections and foundations as well as saving in transport and construction costs. Compressive strength decreases when the percentage of replacement of crumb rubber increases. The 7- days and 28 days compressive strength of the specimens decreased by addition of silica fume to concrete containing crumb rubber.