Biochemical Role of Xanthine Oxidoreductase and Its Natural Inhibitors: An Overview
Authors: Uma Rajeswari Batchu, Kiranmai Mandava
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a widely distributed housekeeping enzyme in mammals that catalyzes the last two steps in human purine catabolism to produce uric acid. The enzyme exists as a homodimer with independent electron transfer in each monomer. This has been studied extensively as a major constituent of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) which surrounds fat globules in cow's milk even though purine catabolism is the most accepted function of XOR. A huge number of literature highlights on the different catalytic forms of XOR and their importance in the generation of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and synthesis of uric acid which are involved in many physiological and pathological processes. However, a slight ambiguity resides in their biochemical functions. The aim of this article was to review the literature published on the structural, catalytical, physiological and pathological role of XOR and to resolve the ambiguity in biochemical processes and to firm up various natural inhibitors of XOR collectively. Uric acid, the product of purine catabolism shows antioxidant activity, and XOR-derived ROS and RNS play a role in innate immunity, milk secretion and also be involved in signaling and metabolism of xenobiotics. Furthermore, XOR is likely to be engaged in pathology because of excessive production of uric acid and ROS/RNS. This review also reports natural XOR inhibitors in plants which inhibit the enzyme to treat XOR associated pathology.
Plant Disease Detection using Image Processing and IoT
Authors: B. Praneetha, Nazia Tabassum
Abstract
Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy. Almost 70% of farmers still involved directly or indirectly in traditional ways of doing agriculture. In the current scenario agriculture-based plant diseases are of the significant concern as they reduce the productivity and quality of the harvest. Apart from pathogens, climatic conditions also induce various plant related diseases. The observation of plant leaf diseases requires close observation. Awareness of human eye is not so much tougher so as to observe minute variations in the infected part of leaf. Image processing techniques are employed to enhance the quality of images and its texture features. Banana is regarded to be one of the most beneficial plants. Banana leaf is highly prone to diseases like Black Sigatoka, Yellow Sigatoka, Bunchy top virus. This approach will enhance productivity of crops. This project decides about the nature of the leaves. It utilizes the sensor gadgets to recognize the parameters like temperature, moistness and shade of the leaves. Hence, it is mandatory to monitor the environmental parameters of the agriculture field which is done using RFC (Random Forest Classifier) technique from the GLCM (Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix) features. The images of the crops will be taken by sensor cameras and these images will be sent to the cloud server via raspberry pi3 model. Plant disease detection required steps are image acquisition, image–preprocessing, image segmentation, feature extraction and classification. This project aims to confirm that RFC-GLCM based classification performs better for hill banana dataset.
Gandihan Influence Through Vernacular Newspaper to Establish Peace- A Study of Perception With Special Reference Sto Bhilwara City
Author: Shikha Parakh
Abstract
Gandhiji taught our land ahimsa. The goal of resolving a conflict is not victory over one; it is the process of creating peace in mind. Bhilwara city is located in the Mewar region of Rajasthan in India; it is considered as a textile city from economic point of view. Bhilwara city has been witnessed to an increased rate of crime over the period of time. The society of Bhilwara consists of social groups having diverse religion, culture, language and ways of life. Historically, successive waves of migration from villages at different times and from different directions through ancient times made the population of Bhilwara diverse with a multiplicity of race, religion and culture. At contemporary times over a period , inter- ethnic division and conflict have grown among different ethnic groups for various reasons emerging out of identity, alienation, exclusion and lack of literacy, peace and awareness. However, the focus of this study is specifically on conflict and peace process arising out the role of vernacular newspaper. Since the conflict has been rising day by day, in this situation the question arises in the mind that how the peace is established and what should be the role of vernacular newspaper in establishing peace among the citizens of the city. With this view, the researcher will pose the same question to the people and based on the data will find out the conclusion, that will be submitted to the management of the vernacular newspaper or agencies, so that they may start working on those lines and help bringing prosperity and peace in the city.
An Adaptive Convolution Neural Network based Learning for Precision Medicine
Authors: Dr. BarakkathNisha U, Ms. Aleesha Salim, Ms. AyshaNaushad, Ms. Abina P Nassar
Abstract
Personalized medicine is also referred to as precision medicine is an approach for disease treatment and prevention by taking individual variability in genes, environment and lifestyle for each person. Learning for personalized medicine means that classifying individuals into sub groups based on the difference in their susceptibility to particular disease or in their response to specific treatment. By combining genomics, using big data analytic and considering population health unique treatments are designed for each individual. Personalized medicine has many applications within health care such as, detection and diagnosis of disease in highly specific manner, Prevention of disease, Reduction of trial-and-error prescriptions.